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In magnetic confinement fusion devices, the ratio of the plasma pressure to the magnetic field energy, beta, can become sufficiently large that electromagnetic microinstabilities become unstable, driving turbulence that distorts or reconnects the equilibrium magnetic field. In this paper, a theory is proposed for electromagnetic, electron-driven linear instabilities that have current layers...
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The high heat fluxes to the divertor during edge localised mode (ELM) instabilities have to be reduced for a sustainable future tokamak reactor. A solution to reduce the heat fluxes could be the Super-X divertor, which will be tested on MAST-U. ELM simulations for MAST-U Super-X tokamak plasmas have been obtained, using JOREK. A factor 10 decrease in the peak heat flux to the outer target and...
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Nonlinear multiscale gyrokinetic simulations of a Joint European Torus edge pedestal are used to show that electron-temperature-gradient (ETG) turbulence has a rich three-dimensional structure, varying strongly according to the local magnetic-field configuration. In the plane normal to the magnetic field, the steep pedestal electron temperature gradient gives rise to anisotropic turbulence...
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The work reported in this paper addresses two aspects. In the first part, numerical simulations are conducted to examine the impact of magnetic equilibrium shaping (elongation and triangularity), on both conventional Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG) modes and Short Wavelength ITG modes. This analysis is performed considering the experimental profiles and parameters of the ADITYA-U tokamak,...
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High-power-density tokamaks offer a potential solution to design cost-effective fusion devices. One way to achieve high power density is to operate at a high ββ\beta value (the ratio of thermal to magnetic pressure), i.e. β∼1β∼1\beta \sim 1. However, a β∼1β∼1\beta \sim 1 state may be unstable to various pressure- and current-driven instabilities or have unfavourable microstability properties....
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We present herein the results of a linear gyrokinetic analysis of electromagnetic microinstabilites in the conceptual high reactor-scale, tight-aspect-ratio tokamak Spherical Tokamak for Energy Production, https://step.ukaea.uk. We examine a range of flux surfaces between the deep core and the pedestal top for two candidate flat-top operating points of the prototype device. Local linear...
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First nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations of microtearing modes in the core of a MAST case are performed on two surfaces of the high-collisionality discharge used in Valovič et al (2011 Nucl. Fusion 51 073045) to obtain the favorable energy confinement scaling with collisionality, . On the considered surfaces microtearing modes dominate linearly at binormal length scales of the order of the ion...
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A new drift kinetic theory for the plasma response to the neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) magnetic perturbation is presented. Small magnetic islands of width, (a is the tokamak minor radius) are assumed, retaining the limit w ∼ ρ bi (ρ bi is the ion banana orbit width) to include finite orbit width effects. When collisions are small, the ions/electrons follow streamlines in phase space; for...
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Microtearing modes have been widely reported as a tearing parity electron temperature gradient driven plasma instability, which leads to fine scale tearing of the magnetic flux surfaces thereby resulting in reconnection of magnetic field lines and formation of magnetic islands. In slab geometry it has previously been shown that the drive mechanism requires a finite collision frequency....
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Two synthetic diagnostics are implemented for the high-k scattering system in NSTX (Smith et al 2008 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79 123501) allowing direct comparisons between the synthetic and experimentally detected frequency and wavenumber spectra of electron-scale turbulence fluctuations. Synthetic diagnostics are formulated in real-space and in wavenumber space, and are deployed in realistic...
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